Dogs and cats get heartworm disease from
mosquitoes that are infected with parasites. One bite can introduce
parasites into your pet’s body. Once inside the body, the parasites nest
and reproduce, lodging in your pet’s lungs and/or the right sides of
his/her heart.
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How it happens: Infection usually occurs with a bite from a mosquito infected with heartworms. The microscopic parasites enter the bloodstream and larvae develop into adult worms that reproduce within a pet’s system.
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Heartworm has recently been diagnosed in about 30 species of animals
in all 50 states, and affects millions of indoor and outdoor pets. To
curb the rising number of cases, the American Heartworm Society (AHS) is asking pet owners to take a more proactive role in preventing the disease.
New studies indicate that heartworm disease affects cats and dogs in
all areas of the country, which is why veterinary experts suggest
year-round prevention in all areas.
Because heartworm disease is no longer restricted to warm, humid
areas, AHS experts and doctors at CKVC suggest year-round preventative medication.
Experts say that only 3.9 percent of cats in the United States are on
heartworm prevention while about 50 percent of dogs are on preventative
medication.
Know the Signs
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs to treat heartworm disease in cats, which is why the focusing on prevention is so important.
Clinical signs or symptoms in cats include
vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, coughing and difficulty breathing.
Because cats tend to be couch potatoes, with limited opportunity for
activity, it can be harder to identify breathing problems, which are
often misdiagnosed as asthma. Pet owners may also mistakenly assume that
low energy levels, a symptom of heartworms, are a sign of aging.
The Mighty Flea
Beware:
Though a flea is puny, its effects on pets and people can be mighty.
Learn more about their bad habits and health consequences--and why you
should talk to your veterinarian about keeping your pet flea-free all
year long.
Fleas are one of the most troublesome problems that can afflict pets
and the people who own them. However, they are also one of the easiest
to prevent if you just take a few simple precautions.
Despite their tiny size, fleas can inflict outsize misery on pets.
The continual itching and scratching that fleas can cause can make our
animals miserable, especially as the weather grows warmer and fleas
become more common.
In some unfortunate animals, fleas can also set off an extreme
allergic reaction that can cause hair loss and skin lesions. These kinds
of severe dermatologic problems can be difficult and costly to treat.
In some rare cases, they can even be life-threatening. The bite of just a
single flea can cause this kind of reaction in some highly allergic
pets.
As if that isn’t bad enough, fleas can also transmit some nasty
infections, such as tapeworm, to pets and people. In rare cases, they
can play a role in the transmission of an unpleasant disease, called cat
scratch fever, between humans and cats.
And in severe infestations, especially in old, ill, or young animals,
feeding fleas can remove so much blood from a pet that they can cause
debilitating anemia.
The Circle of Life
Over the years, fleas, like many other insects, have developed a
remarkable life cycle that allows them to adapt and survive even under
unfavorable conditions. While fleas are generally intolerant of the
cold, certain stages of their life cycle have features that help them
deal with that weakness.
Keep in mind, too, that our modern lifestyle is relatively flea
friendly. We and our pets now live indoors in warm houses all through
the winter, and that means that fleas are enjoying the good life along
with us, too. For example, flea larvae often burrow into crevices,
bedding, or rugs in the house, where they spin a cocoon and wait in the
pupal stage until conditions are just right for them to emerge as
adults.
Under ideal conditions, that can happen in as little as two weeks.
Otherwise, they can exist in a sort of suspended state for weeks or even
months. Once they are stimulated, however, by the right combination of
heat, humidity, detectable movement, or the presence of a warm body,
they emerge, eager to hop onto your pet and begin feasting and laying
eggs.
Adult fleas, on the other hand, are able to overwinter on our pets or
on the local wildlife that is likely to be living in suburban
backyards. These characteristics account for why flea infestations are a
year-round problem throughout most of the United States, as well as for
why they can be so difficult to get rid of once an infestation has
taken hold.
Signs of Fleas
Surprisingly, fleas can be hard to detect. As a result, many owners don’t realize that their pets even have a flea problem.
In severe cases, an animal’s misery and skin irritations will make
the presence of fleas more obvious. In mild infestations, however, it
can be easy to be misled into thinking that your pet’s scratching or
licking is just part of its normal grooming. This can be particularly
true with cats, who like to groom themselves frequently. Here are some
hints on how you can tell the difference:
- First, carefully look for adult fleas behind your
pet’s ears, around its head and neck, at the base of its tail, and in
its "armpits" and "legpits." You will sometimes see small, dark fleas
scurrying around beneath the hair coat. (If your pet gets upset by your
searching, have your veterinarian do this). Don’t be misled if you don’t
see any fleas, however, because they are very good at hiding in fur and
skin folds.
- Next, you can check your pet for
"flea dirt." Your veterinarian can do this during an exam, or you can do
it yourself by running a special flea comb (you can get these at
pet-supply stores) through your pet’s hair coat in some of the
above-mentioned locations.
- Periodically dump any
loose hair or litter you collect in the comb on a piece of white paper
towel. When you’re done, sprinkle a few drops of water on the debris. If
any small, dark specks leave rust- or red-colored stains on the white
towel — tada! — you’ve found flea dirt. This is actually flea feces, and
it’s composed of the leftover, dried portion of the blood meal that the
fleas have taken from your pet. The flea dirt that falls off of your
dog or cat then becomes the food that feeds the flea larvae that are
developing in your pet’s bedding or environment.
- Even
if you don’t find obvious fleas or flea dirt, keep in mind that these
pests may still be present. Cats, in particular, are very good at
grooming fleas off of themselves. In some early infestations, your pet
also may be scratching long before you see any signs of fleas. Flea
infestations usually build over time.
Prevention Is Key
Whether you see signs of fleas or not, most veterinarians recommend
treating pets routinely in order to prevent fleas in the first place.
That’s because, once fleas have become established in your home, they
can be very difficult to eradicate. It can also take months to
completely remove them.
Today, there are several easy-to-administer, preventive medications
that are very effective at removing the threat of fleas. These
medications can be topical (meaning you apply them to the outside of
your pet), oral (table or liquid form), or injectible. Some medications
kill the adult fleas on your pet, while others will prevent eggs and
immature stages — larvae and pupae — from ever developing into adults.
Some medications will kill fleas on contact, while others will begin to
affect them after they ingest a blood meal from your pet.
For severe infestations, it may also be necessary to treat your pet’s
environment. In these cases, agents are available to kill fleas in your
home and yard. It is also important to remember to treat all of the
animals in your home, not just the ones that are scratching.
The best thing to do, before spring’s temperatures start to rise, is
to talk to your veterinarian about what is the most effective type of
flea control for your pet’s situation in order to keep it happy and flea
free!
The Flea "Pyramid"
The adult fleas you may see on your pet account for only 5 percent of
the likely flea population in your home. Flea eggs, flea larval stages,
and pupae add up to all the rest. Infestations can quickly build
because a female flea lays up to 50 eggs a day. Just 10 female fleas can
produce up to 3,500 eggs a week! Multiply that by the fact that a flea
can live on a pet for months, and you can see why it’s important to
prevent fleas before they ever appear.
ASK THE STAFF AT CKVC TODAY FOR THE BEST PREVENTATIVES TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF YOUR FURRY FRIENDS!